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Physicians diagnose Kaposi's sarcoma by biopsy. They obtain a small, disk-shaped tissue sample from a lesion using a sharp, hollow device (called a punch biopsy), or by removing an entire lesion (called an excisional biopsy). A pathologist then examines the tissue with a microscope.
When Kaposi's sarcoma occurs internally, doctors can sometimes see the lesions and obtain samples by inserting a flexible tube through the esophagus and stomach (endoscopy), the colon (colonoscopy), or the trachea and lung passages (bronchoscopy).