The side effects of opioids and other analgesics have been well studied and can be managed. Because many common side effects of pain medicines are also symptoms of other conditions -- including, sometimes, the underlying cancer -- an interdisciplinary approach to symptom management is important.
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Constipation
This common side effect of opioids can often be lessened by an increase in fluids, an increase in dietary fiber (if your condition permits), and moderate exercise (with the advice of your cancer care team). If constipation occurs, your cancer care team can usually help remedy it with the addition of laxatives or stool softeners.
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Nausea
Nausea and vomiting sometime occur in the first day or two of opioid medication. Report nausea and vomiting to your nurse or doctor. Your cancer care team can prescribe anti-nausea therapies to control these effects.
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Sedation, Drowsiness, Clouded Thinking
Sometimes opioids can cause sedation, drowsiness, or sleepiness when first administered or for a day or so after a dose is increased. Some people find that they become confused or disoriented, or simply absent-minded, after receiving an analgesic. If such effects become pronounced, tell your physician immediately. She or he may be able to adjust the dose, switch to another drug, or add an adjuvant drug.
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Slowed Breathing
Opioids can slow breathing, particularly at high doses. The condition usually resolves as your body becomes used to the medication. Respiration and other vital signs are closely monitored throughout your hospital stay; still, inform your cancer care team if slowed breathing becomes uncomfortable or otherwise troublesome. Adjuvant drugs may be prescribed to treat this effect.
