Eating a healthy diet is good for all of us. We do not know if a particular diet can prevent breast cancer or recurrence, though studies are ongoing to see how diet may affect breast cancer.
Obtain and maintain a healthy weight.
Being at an optimal weight has many health benefits. However, while you are being treated for breast cancer is not the time to go on an aggressive weight-loss diet. If you are overweight, try to cut back a bit -- make some healthier food choices and watch your portion sizes -- so that you lose weight gradually. For more assistance with weight management, contact a registered dietitian. Ask your doctor for a referral.
Choose a low-fat diet.
Much research has been done on the role of dietary fat and cancer. Some studies have shown that a high-fat intake may play a role in breast cancer. Although more research needs to be done, there is evidence that to reduce breast cancer risk, it may be best to have a diet that is low in fat (only 20 percent of calories from fat per day). Besides the possible benefit a low-fat diet may have on breast cancer, it is beneficial for heart health and can help you control your weight. Choose primarily healthy fats -- monounsaturated and polyunsaturated -- and limit your intake of unhealthy fats (saturated and trans fats).
Choose a high-fiber diet.
There are multiple health benefits to consuming a diet that is adequate in fiber. Aim for 25 to 35 grams of fiber each day. To reach dietary fiber goals, most adults would need about two-and-a-half cups of vegetables and/or legumes, two cups of fruit, and three servings of whole grains each day. However, a rapid increase in fiber intake can cause gas and bloating. Therefore, increase your fiber slowly and drink plenty of water. This will help your body adjust to the new fiber intake.
Eat vegetables and fruits.
Each day, eat seven to nine servings of vegetables and fruits, including five or more servings of vegetables and two to three servings of fruit. Look for produce that is deep in color and choose a wide variety of colors throughout the week.
Drink alcohol only in moderation.
A growing body of research shows that higher alcohol intake -- even the equivalent of one drink per day for women -- may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
Consume soy products in moderation.
The effects of large doses of soy for women with a history of breast cancer are unknown. Phytoestrogens are plant-based compounds that resemble the body's estrogen. They are found in sources such as soy and flaxseed. The most active phytoestrogens are called isoflavones. The main foods with isoflavones are soybeans and soy foods. Studies have shown that isoflavones may have both good and bad effects on breast tissue. More research is needed to determine soy's role in breast cancer. Until further studies are completed, eat soy products in moderation. Focus on whole foods rather than supplements. Consume them as part of a healthy diet, but eat no more than two to four servings per week.
Be wary of dehydration.
It is important to drink adequate amounts of fluid during treatment to prevent dehydration. Water or low-calorie beverages are best. Drinking electrolyte-enhanced beverages may be beneficial if you are experiencing vomiting or diarrhea. Be sure to contact your healthcare provider if such symptoms persist.
Think of food safety.
Patients receiving chemotherapy treatment are more likely to get food-borne illnesses (or food poisoning). This is because the treatments can lower the number of cells in the body that fight germs. Food-borne illnesses can come from foods that were not processed, prepared, stored, or handled correctly. These problems can happen where you shop or even at home. Avoid eating raw seafood (such as sushi) or undercooked meat, poultry, eggs, or items containing these foods. Avoid products that are not pasteurized and soft or molded cheeses. Avoid salad bars -- they may carry germs from other people, and some salads may not have been properly washed or refrigerated. Wash your fruits and vegetables thoroughly.
Registered dietitians are available at Memorial Sloan-Kettering to give you dietary guidance. Ask you doctor or nurse for a referral.
