Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

Pituitary Tumors

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The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland at the base of the brain, located just above the back of the nose and near the optic nerves, which carry signals from each eye into the brain. The pituitary produces hormones that control other glands and many body functions, especially growth.

Approximately 7 percent of brain tumors develop in the pituitary gland. Tumors in the pituitary gland are often diagnosed at a very early stage. The majority of pituitary tumors are slow-growing adenomas, or noncancerous tumors. Rarely, cancers that arise elsewhere in the body spread, or metastasize, to the pituitary gland.  

Pituitary adenomas are classified on the basis of whether or not they produce hormones. Those that produce hormones are called functioning tumors and can cause various symptoms depending on the type of hormone they secrete. Others, called nonfunctioning tumors, do not produce hormones but cause symptoms as they grow and compress adjacent organs.

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Visit PubMed for journal articles from our pituitary tumor experts

In this section, you can find information about our expertise in treating patients with pituitary tumors, the services we offer patients at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Pituitary Tumor Center, and our research.

You can learn more about specific types of pituitary tumors by selecting one of the links below.

  • Our Pituitary Tumor Center
    The only center of its kind in the New York City area, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center's Pituitary Tumor Center is dedicated to the treatment of tumors of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus.
  • Overview
    About 1,300 people are diagnosed with pituitary tumors in the United States each year. Their symptoms and treatment differ depending on their type of pituitary tumor.
  • ACTH-Producing Tumors
    These tumors make a hormone called adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). When the body makes too much ACTH, it causes a disorder known as Cushing's disease.
  • Growth-Hormone Producing Tumors
    These tumors make growth hormone, which can cause a disorder known as acromegaly (in adults) or gigantism (in children) when too much is made.
  • Prolactinomas
    These tumors make prolactin, a hormone that stimulates a woman's breasts to make milk during and after pregnancy.
  • TSH-Producing Tumors
    These pituitary tumors produce too much thyroid-stimulating hormone, causing the thyroid gland to become overactive.
  • Nonfunctional Pituitary Tumors
    Although these pituitary tumors do not produce hormones, they can affect the secretion of reproductive hormones elsewhere in the body.
  • Survivorship & Support
    Here you will find some resources to help you after treatment.

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