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Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells -- a type of white blood cell that produces infection-fighting antibodies (immunoglobulins). It is one of a number of related blood disorders called monoclonal gammopathies, which include systemic light-chain amyloidosis (AL), a rare and often fatal disease, and less serious disease conditions, such as solitary plasmacytoma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).

"Monoclonal" means that a single family of identical plasma cells -- a clone -- is causing the disease; "gammopathy" indicates that the body's production of immunoglobulins (antibodies) is abnormally high. In a healthy individual, plasma cells make up between 0.2 to 2.8 percent of the bone marrow white cell count. In people with multiple myeloma or a related disease, abnormal plasma cells proliferate and can comprise 10 percent or more of the bone marrow's cells, crowding out healthy cells.

In this section, you will find up-to-date information about multiple myeloma and other plasma-cell diseases, and learn about Memorial Sloan-Kettering's expertise in caring for patients with these conditions.

  • Our Approach & Expertise
    Our Memorial Sloan-Kettering specialists treat more than 250 new patients with multiple myeloma and other plasma-cell diseases each year.
  • Our Team of Experts
    Our Hematology Disease Management Team is recognized for its strengths in diagnosing and treating multiple myeloma and other plasma-cell diseases.
  • Overview
    This year, nearly 19,920 people in the United States will be diagnosed with multiple myeloma. The number of new cases of multiple myeloma diagnosed each year in the United States has increased over the past decades for reasons not well understood.
  • Risk Factors
    In most cases, patients with multiple myeloma have no known risk factors.
  • Symptoms
    The symptoms of multiple myeloma most commonly include one or more of the following: bone pain and skeletal fractures, infections, weight loss, hypercalcemia (abnormally high calcium levels), anemia, loss of kidney function, and hyperviscosity (high levels of protein the blood).
  • Diagnosis
    Physicians rely on a number of blood, urine, bone-marrow, and imaging tests to diagnose multiple myeloma.
  • Staging
    Once a patient is diagnosed with multiple myeloma, physicians then determine the stage of the disease. The disease stage is a description of how much disease is present and whether it has affected the bones or bone marrow.
  • Treatment
    Current treatment strategies are designed to slow the progression of disease, prolong survival, and alleviate symptoms. At the present time, no treatment is considered a cure for multiple myeloma.
  • Pain Management
    Multiple myeloma is a complex disease that can give rise to a variety of symptoms, including varying degrees of pain. Our pain experts work to ensure that patients who are experiencing pain are continuously monitored and that their pain is treated.
  • Our Clinical Trials
    A continually updated listing of Memorial Sloan-Kettering's current clinical trials for multiple myeloma.
  • Survivorship & Support
    Patients who have multiple myeloma should be regularly and closely monitored for changes in the status of their disease.

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