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Primary kidney cancer, also called renal cell cancer, refers to a malignant tumor that originates in the kidney. There are two main types of primary kidney tumors -- renal cortical tumors and transitional cell tumors.

Renal cortical tumors account for nearly 90 percent of all kidney tumors. Other tumors of the kidney, namely transitional cell tumors, can form in the kidneys as well as the ureters. These tumors develop from the same cell type that is found in the bladder, and thus transitional cell tumors are treated in a manner similar to that of bladder tumors. More information on the treatment of transitional cell cancers of the kidney and ureter can be found on our Web site in the section on bladder cancer.

Kidney cancer rarely strikes children and young adults; the exceptions are a pediatric kidney cancer called Wilms' tumor and some forms of hereditary kidney cancer syndromes, such as von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL).

In this section, you can find information about our expertise in treating patients with renal cell cancer, our services, and our research.

  • Our Approach & Expertise
    At Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, patients with kidney cancer receive the most effective treatment while preserving as much kidney function as possible.
  • Our Team of Experts
    Our kidney cancer specialists, their education, training, board certifications, current publications, and specific areas of clinical expertise.
  • Overview
    Kidney cancer affects approximately 50,000 people in the United States each year. It occurs more often in men than in women.
  • Risk Factors
    Studies have shown that certain lifestyle factors can increase the risk of developing kidney tumors. Smoking, having high blood pressure, eating a high-fat diet, and being overweight all may contribute to an increased risk of kidney cancer.
  • Symptoms
    Kidney cancer usually shows no symptoms in the early stages. It is generally not suspected until the patient begins to experience symptoms, and at this point the tumor may have grown fairly large.
  • Diagnosis
    Most kidney tumors are found incidentally -- when patients are being evaluated with radiologic imaging studies for other non-specific abdominal complaints (gallbladder pain, for example), or during follow-up for other previously treated malignancies.
  • Treatment
    Memorial Sloan-Kettering physicians make treatment recommendations for kidney tumors based on the specific tumor size, location, and stage of the disease -- that is, how large the tumor has grown, how deeply it has invaded the kidney, and whether it has spread to nearby organs, lymph nodes, or another part of the body.
  • Our Clinical Trials
    A continually updated listing of Memorial Sloan-Kettering's current clinical trials for kidney cancer.
  • Survivorship & Support
    Because there is an approximately 5 percent chance of a tumor developing in the healthy kidney in the patient's lifetime, we recommend long-term follow-up.

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