Ovarian cancer is the second most common type of gynecologic cancer.
Of the different types of ovarian cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common, originating in the cells that cover the surface of the ovary, which are known as epithelial cells. Other rarer kinds of ovarian cancer include germ cell and stromal cell tumors.
For many people, a diagnosis of ovarian cancer is met with shock and denial. It may take a few days, or even longer, to accept that this is actually happening. Find out what to do first.
Our surgeons have led the adoption of less invasive techniques for ovarian cancer surgery. Our researchers are working to develop better chemotherapy agents for these cancers, including novel investigational drugs available only through clinical trials at Memorial Sloan-Kettering.
A family history of ovarian cancer is the strongest risk factor for this disease. Women with mutations in the BRCA genes have a particularly increased risk. Some factors -- such as having surgery to remove the ovaries, the use of oral contraceptives, and tubal ligation -- have been shown to help prevent ovarian cancer.
Memorial Sloan-Kettering has created a special program that offers screening tests to women with an increased risk of this disease due to a family history or BRCA mutations.
Ovarian cancer usually produces no specific signs or symptoms in the early stages. However, if symptoms such as bloating, pelvic or abdominal pain, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, or urinary symptoms (urgency or frequency) continue for several days, you should consult with a healthcare professional.
Ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed with a pelvic examination and transvaginal ultrasound (an imaging procedure that uses a special imaging wand inserted into the vagina to identify tumors). A surgical biopsy of the tissue is used to confirm the diagnosis; additional imaging tests may be performed to determine if the disease has spread.
Treating ovarian cancer usually involves "debulking" surgery to remove as much of the tumor as possible, followed by a combination chemotherapy treatment.
Even after successful initial treatment, ovarian cancer can recur. Patients need long-term follow-up, including periodic pelvic exams, blood testing, and imaging procedures.
