D-limonene

Purported Benefits, Side Effects & More
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This information describes the common uses of D-limonene, how it works, and its possible side effects.
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What is it?

D-limonene has not been shown to treat or prevent cancer.

D-limonene is derived from the peels of citrus fruits. It showed anti-inflammatory, wound healing and anticancer effects in laboratory studies. D-limonene was shown to alter the signaling pathways within cancer cells in a way that stops cancer cells from multiplying and causes their death (this is called “apoptosis”). In animal models, D-limonene slowed the growth of pancreatic, stomach, colon, skin, and liver cancers. It also slowed formation of tumors and their progression in animals exposed to cancer-causing substances. However, these anticancer effects have not been shown in humans.

What are the potential uses and benefits?

  • To prevent and treat cancer
    An epidemiological study reported an inverse relationship between citrus peel consumption and squamous cell carcinoma, but such effects were not observed in early clinical trials.
  • To treat heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux
    Evidence is lacking to support this claim.

What are the side effects?

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Allergic skin rash
  • Asthma